The Ethics of Research Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Ethics of Research - Article Example The research in the article followed an ethical context because the two authors gave credit to all the authors of the data that he relied on to construct the graphical analysis presented in the paper (Dolnicar & Leisch, 2014). Moreover, the authors maintained confidentiality by not revealing the names of the managers used to offer their opinion in the paper (Miller, 2012). Maintaining confidentiality is a central aspect in the ethics that govern research in any field. Notably, prior to conducting the research, the participants offered their consent, and the authors obtained permission from the relevant offices (Elliott, Stern, & Institute for the Study of Applied and Professional Ethics 2007). In my opinion, the authors did their best in observing all the ethical guidelines that have been defined to guide any form of research. It is evident that the authors have given credit to all the authors whose data has been used in the paper (Gregory, 2003). This only indicates that they observed the rigorous research process of research, while abiding by the defined ethical rules. Therefore, they succeeded in this sector (Miller, 2012). Elliott, D., Stern, J. E., & Institute for the Study of Applied and Professional Ethics. (1997).Research ethics: A reader. Hanover, NH: Published by University Press of New England for the Institute for the Study of Applied and Professional Ethics at Dartmouth

Environmental Proposal and Presentation Essay Example for Free

Environmental Proposal and Presentation Essay For this assignment we chose the Patton-Fuller Community Hospital for our virtual organization. This facility is a non-for-profit social insurance association that has supplied an extremely wide cluster of preferred value aids and offices to the town of Kelsey and the encompassing groups since 1975. The healing center supplies centered utilities for example emergency restorative consideration, surgery, work and committal, private medicine and radiology for developed persons and youthful kids. As one of the first facilities in Kelsey, they are besides dedicated to supplying a sort of projects that will underpin the health and welfare of their neighborhood inhabitant numbers (Apollo Group, 2006). The prime causes for hospital’s actuality from a dissection of the task, dream, and objectives are to be the social insurance affiliation of elective for patients, human services masters and M.D.s. Other nexus explanations are to supply esteem honor scoring social insurance aids to the group by viably treating contaminations and damages, supplying early mediation and preventive consideration, and twofold-checking their workers embraces inventiveness, respectability, esteem, aid, teamwork and freedom (Gwinnett health Center, 2009). In this entry we will infer two strategies to make collusions between the Patton-Fuller Community Hospital and its arranged inner and outside stakeholders. We will likewise clarify how the contrasts between administration and administration influence organizing inside the Patton-Fuller Community Hospital. At long last, we will recommend a nature that is supportive of crew working and studying and that considers maintainable improvement and imaginatively inside the Patton-Fuller Community Hospital. BusinessDictionary.com (2009) describes stakeholders as: Persons, gathering, or cooperation that has immediate or digressive venture in an organization on the grounds that it can influence or be affected by the organization’s exercises, targets, and arrangements. Enter stakeholders in a venture affiliation envelop lenders, clients, heads, laborers, legislature, proprietors, dealers, mergers, and the group from which the venture portrayals its assets. In spite of the fact that stake holding is ordinarily self-legitimizing, not all stakeholders are equivalent and dissimilar stakeholders merit to unique concerns. Core stakeholders of the facility are the laborers, patients, guests, speculators, and the group. Smallwood, N., Sweetman, K. Ulrich, D. (2007, November 11) state: Employees longing to work in an area where they can meet their distinctive yearnings and likes. Pioneers who imagine assignments, work domains, and visions help laborers be both skilled and promised to their work. Patients need to comprehend that they are getting the greatest consideration reasonable and be skilled to accept the forethought suppliers. Voyagers longing to grasp their friends and family are acquiring the finest forethought and that they can accept guardians. Communities need chiefs to construct affiliations that are collectively mindful, with hoe they treat the indigenous nature and how they help the greater group. Speculators-need supervisors to keep their vows, advance an influencing evolvement technique arrange focus abilities to the plan then afterward to twofold-watch that folks are promised to committing on these manufacturing. At the point that they do, gurus pay the affiliation with abnormal amounts of confidence sometime to come, which changes over into higher business worth. Controllers need chiefs to administer themselves in concurrence with heightened moral standards and in a kind predictable with master and legitimate guidelines. The difference between leadership is when it comes to a company you work for a manage needs to decide what the company can do to become better. The management has to come up with a conclusion to come together with a project that they can do to keep business flowing and customers to keep coming. Leaders can get the job done if the employees are doing their job. Some people do less work then others therefore that can bring a company down depending on what they are doing at the job. If you practice more on a job you can get more things done even if you have to ask a manager to give you more things to do. If you do less then less performance will get done. No practice will show and more improvement will be needed from that person. It is always areas that you will definite need improvement to do good and in areas that you fall short. You also can start off with what is easy to you and come back and do the hardest part later. Some people thrive on getting better while others are there just to get a paycheck. We all have to deal with different task at a job whether it is easy or hard. You can get ahead a lot quick then waiting for someone to do your job for you. People that doing well; it will better them later on down the road. This is the best time to get things done now and it will get you a better future later. Today is the best time to develop and accomplish new ideas in the company. Leaders will guide you and make sure you are getting the job done the right way. They also like to guide you to look at things in a very different way in life. Management means stay on task and gets focus on what your job is. There is room to self-develop in the work place. They would like to get and input on what makes people do the things they do. People are very different in many different ways no two people thinks alike. When good managers see you are doing a good job that really makes them feel good. They will let you know and mention to the boss. When you have a great manager they will make sure that the work they gave you has gotten done and therefore, you can move to the next task. They want employees to keep things done the right way in a straight and narrow. Sometimes it take good strong leadership to get people to pull together to get the work done. If you are motivate you can achieve your goals when you have good leadership it tends to make people wants to succeed motivation can come from growing and wanting to be successful. Managing stress in a workplace can depend on the mental or physical level of what could have happen in that people life. Tell the manager about your stress in the workplace can be very risky or very effective. Stress can affect you mental and physical in our personal lives. Too much stress can affect our jobs and getting things done that we tend to forget about in our daily lives with so much going on as far as school, children, work and other etc. Some signs of stress can include headaches making mistakes and being very forgetfulness. Make sure you are taking a break and eat lunch or talking to someone so you won’t get burnt out about things that are taking our attention. Don’t take alcohol or do drugs while you are stressing it really just adds to the problem. The best thing to do is get counseling or see a doctor to discuss your problems. It can be helpful for others to know how you are doing. Stress can also lead to depression it can get in the way of your daily routines and communication to others. Be aware of the stress you can cause up on yourself and continue to get help. Patton Fuller Community Hospital’s point is to come to be a trusted organization in the company of its clients and scratch stakeholders, by supplying worth client mind and utilities to all its patients and by helping and reckonings of nexus stakeholders. Today with the expansion of wellbeing forethought costs, the necessity for productive consideration administration is on the register of essential concerns. Patton-Fuller comprehends this requirement and accordingly centers on the viewpoints of nexus stakeholders, patients, suppliers and laborers in the team effort technique. In place for the group to relegate on its promise to be the medicinal services cooperation of decision for patients, medicinal services masters and M.D.s, Patton-Fuller comprehends the vitality of useful territory interrelationships in which organize, inspire and summon enter staff in the course of the attainment of lifelong organizational objectives and targets.

Tool Of The Trade :: essays research papers

Tool of the Trade In any game, the equipment players use determines the way the game unfolds. Try to imagine a soccer game played with an American football! Or try playing tennis with the wooden racquets of thirty years ago. Change the equipment, and you discover a very different game. As part of my look at baseball, I decided to examine the tool of the baseball trade: Bats. Perhaps the most crucial and visible tool in baseball is the bat. A bat is the offensive weapon, the tool with which runs are scored. To understand the history and science of bats, I read a magazine published by Louisville Slugger, in Louisville, Kentucky home of the Hillerich & Bradsby Company, Inc. (also known as H&B), the manufacturers of perhaps America's most famous bat, the Louisville Slugger. Through the reading I learned how the modern bat came to be, and what it might become. In 1884, John Andrew "Bud" Hillerich played hooky from his father's woodworking shop and went to a baseball game. There he watched a star player, Pete "The Old Gladiator" Browning, struggling in a batting slump. After the game, Hillerich invited Browning back to the shop, where they picked out a piece of white ash, and Hillerich began making a bat. They worked late into the night, with Browning giving advice and taking practice swings from time to time. What happened next is legend. The next day, Browning went three-for-three, and soon the new bat was in demand across the league. H&B flourished from there. First called the Falls City Slugger, the new bat was called the Louisville Slugger by 1894. Though Hillerich's father thought bats were an insignificant item, and preferred to continue making more dependable items like bedposts and bowling pins, bats became a rapidly growing part of the family business. Just as it was back then, the classic Louisville Slugger bat used by today's professional players is made from white ash. The wood is specially selected from forests in Pennsylvania and New York. The trees they use must be at least fifty years old before they are harvested. After harvest, the wood is dried for six to eight months to a precise moisture level. The best quality wood is selected for pro bats; the other 90 percent is used for consumer market bats. White ash is used for its combination of hardness, strength, weight, "feel," and durability. In past years, H&B have made some bats out of hickory.

Macbeth - GUILTY :: essays research papers

This was an oral presentation, in which I prosecuted Macbeth. I received a grade of A-, however was told that it was my actual presentation rather than my essay that stopped me getting a higher grade :) Ladies and Gentlemen, I will be brief. You have heard the testimonies and seen the evidence; it is now time for the fate of Macbeth to be decided. Today you have met scores of witnesses testify, under oath, the defendant’s entirely good and honest character, and have pondered as to how the King of Scotland could commit such atrocities. However, unmistakable evidence opposes such testimonies and proves beyond reasonable doubt that the defendant Macbeth killed his King, Duncan the II of Scotland, his life-long friend Banquo and Lady Macduff and her children. Over the last six months we have seen Macbeth degrade from a fearless and heroic warrior to a murderer, a conscious villain who felt extreme guilt after killing his King out of pure greed and ambition. His servant, as testified, overheard Macbeth express his guilt to his wife on the night of the murder: â€Å"I am afraid to think what I have done; Look on ‘t again I dare not.† Following his crowning at Scone, King Macbeth hired three assassins to murder his long-time friend Banquo, in order to protect his crown. It was after the murder of Banquo that Macbeth then turned into an unmerciful, non-repentant tyrant. This man, once heralded a hero, became the bane of Scotland and his people. The defense has tried to manipulate facts to persuade you that Macbeth is not to blame for these murders and has placed responsibility for these deaths on everyone from Lady Macbeth to the witches, who occasionally conversed with the accused. You have heard testimonies of the three witches, who told us of their encounters with Macbeth. What sort of man would associate with such evil beings, and most of all, believe the nonsense they foresee? The witches did not directly influence Macbeth to assassinate his King, they only speculated as to what the future may hold and these predictions ignited his overwhelming ambition to become King. These associations with the witches bring serious doubts to the goodness of the defendant’s character. Speculations that Lady Macbeth is responsible for Duncan’s murder have been made by the defense. But blood found on this cloak hidden in Macbeth’s quarters proves without doubt that it was Macbeth who actually committed the murder.

Lee Chong Wei

The Elite Bloggerz The Blog of Form 3 Elite 2012, SMK Tunku Sulong Home About Us New Project Our Sponsor LEE CHONG WEI One of the most prominent personality in Malaysia that I admire is Datuk Lee Chong Wei. He had brought honor to Malaysia. Datuk Lee Chong Wei was born on 21 october 19m2 in Pulau Pinang. He studied at Sekolah Rendah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina Jit Sin,Bukit Mertajam. Later ,he continued his study at Sekolah Menengah Sungai Way. In His early years,Lee Chong Wei favoured basketball. However his mother soon banned him from that activity due to scanning heat of the outdoor basketball court.Lee Chong Wei began to learn badminton at the age of 11 when his father brought him to the badminton hall. After he had attended the attention of the badminton couch,the couch began to train him. After doing discovered by Misbun Sidek ,he was drafted into the National Squad. He won the silver medal in the 2008 olimpic games and become the first Malaysia to reach the final of the men’s singles event and ending Malaysia’s olimpic medal drought since 1996. This achieviement also earned him the titlt Datuk. As a single player,Lee Chong Wei was randked first world wide on 21 august 2008.He is the third Malaysia’s men’s single shutler after Rashid Sidek and Rosli Hashim to achieve such a ranking and is the only Malaysia’s shutler to hold the ranking for more then ten weeks. In 2011 year,he won many matches such as Malaysia open,Korea open,England open,India open,Sudirman Cup and Indonesia open. He was praised by prime minister Najib Tun Razak after this triumph in All England Open. He was hinted he could retire following the 2012 olimpic. 8 Share this: Email Print Facebook3 Twitter1 # 19/04/2012, 12:32 pm The Essays Tags: izzat | muhdhanif | suthanon | Thanasak 0 Comments adjective that describe fikry Adjective that describe Hanif  » †¢RSS Meta Log in Entries RSS Comments RSS WordPress. org Archives Select Month October 2012 (12) Jul y 2012 (4) May 2012 (1) April 2012 (5) March 2012 (8) February 2012 (14) January 2012 (3) December 2011 (1) November 2011 (2) October 2011 (7) September 2011 (11) August 2011 (13) July 2011 (27) June 2011 (6) May 2011 (6) April 2011 (5) March 2011 (7) February 2011 (1) January 2011 (31) December 2010 (7) November 2010 (8) October 2010 (21) September 2010 (2) April 2010 (1) March 2010 (8) Tags mila amira amirul Amsyar archri atiyya boon suang chin joo dayana faiz farhan fathini fatihah fatin fikry fizah hamizatul izzat jia wen mimi Miss N Mrs. A Muhd Hanif muhdhanif nabihah najwa nurulnajwa pirdaus qinwei rizal suthanon syahanis syaqari syareena syifaa teacherz Thanasak yi min Recent Comments barney kid on An interesting event in The Railway Children(Discuss Version) ummiey on exams are bad,bad things!!!! laxes on An interesting event in The Railway Children(Discuss Version) suthanon on The Railway Children_An Importang Event NINA on The Black Beauty Notes Recent Posts Nice Day !!! w hat? PMR is over ? waiting our trip to Pinang Lee Chong Wei Why winning / being no 1 in the world are so important? To be ranked world number one for a long time is a remarkable achievement for a badminton player, especially from Malaysia. This is because the competition in the world of badminton is great enough, not to mention the presence of the players form the powerhouse of world badminton, China, as well as the players from the European continent that often presents a tough challenge to Lee Chong Wei.Lee Chong Wei, who is known for his high fighting spirit, morale and commitment to the sport deserves to be in the world's top ranking, despite never be successful in the Olympics, but Lee Chong Wei is deemed to be the best player ever born by Malaysia in the badminton world. The victory achieved by Chong Wei in international badminton tournaments thus enhancing Malaysia to the eye of the world. Badminton is one of the major sports in the world with a total professional and social players reached billion, and, of course badminton received wi de coverage in the media.In fact, the coverage is not limited in countries like Malaysia, China, Indonesia and Denmark but also covers 169 countries under the auspices of a combination of the main body of world badminton, Badminton World Federation, BWF. The frequently that Chong Wei won major world's tournaments makes the name of Malaysia itself is synonymous with badminton, despite the fact that in parts of the world, many people still do not know in detail the geographical, political and cultural landscape of Malaysia itself. But at least they know Malaysia has a badminton champion named Lee Chong Wei. Lee Chong Wei The Elite Bloggerz The Blog of Form 3 Elite 2012, SMK Tunku Sulong Home About Us New Project Our Sponsor LEE CHONG WEI One of the most prominent personality in Malaysia that I admire is Datuk Lee Chong Wei. He had brought honor to Malaysia. Datuk Lee Chong Wei was born on 21 october 19m2 in Pulau Pinang. He studied at Sekolah Rendah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina Jit Sin,Bukit Mertajam. Later ,he continued his study at Sekolah Menengah Sungai Way. In His early years,Lee Chong Wei favoured basketball. However his mother soon banned him from that activity due to scanning heat of the outdoor basketball court.Lee Chong Wei began to learn badminton at the age of 11 when his father brought him to the badminton hall. After he had attended the attention of the badminton couch,the couch began to train him. After doing discovered by Misbun Sidek ,he was drafted into the National Squad. He won the silver medal in the 2008 olimpic games and become the first Malaysia to reach the final of the men’s singles event and ending Malaysia’s olimpic medal drought since 1996. This achieviement also earned him the titlt Datuk. As a single player,Lee Chong Wei was randked first world wide on 21 august 2008.He is the third Malaysia’s men’s single shutler after Rashid Sidek and Rosli Hashim to achieve such a ranking and is the only Malaysia’s shutler to hold the ranking for more then ten weeks. In 2011 year,he won many matches such as Malaysia open,Korea open,England open,India open,Sudirman Cup and Indonesia open. He was praised by prime minister Najib Tun Razak after this triumph in All England Open. He was hinted he could retire following the 2012 olimpic. 8 Share this: Email Print Facebook3 Twitter1 # 19/04/2012, 12:32 pm The Essays Tags: izzat | muhdhanif | suthanon | Thanasak 0 Comments adjective that describe fikry Adjective that describe Hanif  » †¢RSS Meta Log in Entries RSS Comments RSS WordPress. org Archives Select Month October 2012 (12) Jul y 2012 (4) May 2012 (1) April 2012 (5) March 2012 (8) February 2012 (14) January 2012 (3) December 2011 (1) November 2011 (2) October 2011 (7) September 2011 (11) August 2011 (13) July 2011 (27) June 2011 (6) May 2011 (6) April 2011 (5) March 2011 (7) February 2011 (1) January 2011 (31) December 2010 (7) November 2010 (8) October 2010 (21) September 2010 (2) April 2010 (1) March 2010 (8) Tags mila amira amirul Amsyar archri atiyya boon suang chin joo dayana faiz farhan fathini fatihah fatin fikry fizah hamizatul izzat jia wen mimi Miss N Mrs. A Muhd Hanif muhdhanif nabihah najwa nurulnajwa pirdaus qinwei rizal suthanon syahanis syaqari syareena syifaa teacherz Thanasak yi min Recent Comments barney kid on An interesting event in The Railway Children(Discuss Version) ummiey on exams are bad,bad things!!!! laxes on An interesting event in The Railway Children(Discuss Version) suthanon on The Railway Children_An Importang Event NINA on The Black Beauty Notes Recent Posts Nice Day !!! w hat? PMR is over ? waiting our trip to Pinang

Free Essays on A Nights Tale - Modeling Of Chaucers Style

A Nights Tale - Tale of the Apothecary I always can predict who will die, yet I still can watch their family cry. With one sip of my drink, a man hasn’t the chance to blink his eyes, that served him so well in life. Now his fate will be heaven or hell. In all the things that I have seen, I have never seen a peasant or queen, so beautiful and as this woman, I have met named Siren. I wondered why she’d visit me, for I am an apothecary. She said she spied me from her window top. To me it did not occur, that she had loved me from the start. Slowly she found her way into my heart. After five months of happiness and bliss, something more shocking than this. I found that my love has a husband. I say, I only did know for he was gone a way. Most supposed he died, so I felt no need to hide. My work continued to steady, for as I said I am the apothecary. A man named Iscariot came in and asked for my strongest potion. I did not try to mask my curiosity about who it was for. He began his answer after I asked once more. With his response my heart raced with relief. The potion was for Siren’s husband and dead for sure he will be. I did not tell Siren of the strangers plans, for most people would not trust this man. My friend Gawain invited me to a feast, in honor of his father’s bequeath of a fortune most men can only seek. Imagine my delight after waiting a week, to see my Siren next to me. We drank to Gawain until merry, then I felt pain and realized that that very merchant was Siren’s husband and now we both will die. My final thought as there I lie was the moral of my story I hope that you will see. No man can predict the hour of his death, not even I the apothecary.... Free Essays on A Nights Tale - Modeling Of Chaucer's Style Free Essays on A Nights Tale - Modeling Of Chaucer's Style A Nights Tale - Tale of the Apothecary I always can predict who will die, yet I still can watch their family cry. With one sip of my drink, a man hasn’t the chance to blink his eyes, that served him so well in life. Now his fate will be heaven or hell. In all the things that I have seen, I have never seen a peasant or queen, so beautiful and as this woman, I have met named Siren. I wondered why she’d visit me, for I am an apothecary. She said she spied me from her window top. To me it did not occur, that she had loved me from the start. Slowly she found her way into my heart. After five months of happiness and bliss, something more shocking than this. I found that my love has a husband. I say, I only did know for he was gone a way. Most supposed he died, so I felt no need to hide. My work continued to steady, for as I said I am the apothecary. A man named Iscariot came in and asked for my strongest potion. I did not try to mask my curiosity about who it was for. He began his answer after I asked once more. With his response my heart raced with relief. The potion was for Siren’s husband and dead for sure he will be. I did not tell Siren of the strangers plans, for most people would not trust this man. My friend Gawain invited me to a feast, in honor of his father’s bequeath of a fortune most men can only seek. Imagine my delight after waiting a week, to see my Siren next to me. We drank to Gawain until merry, then I felt pain and realized that that very merchant was Siren’s husband and now we both will die. My final thought as there I lie was the moral of my story I hope that you will see. No man can predict the hour of his death, not even I the apothecary....

SIWES Project in Computer Science

SIWES Project in Computer Science Free Online Research Papers CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview of SIWES SIWES refers to the employment of students nearing under-graduation in firms or organizations, which operate on activities related to the respective student’s major subjects. The course, CSC 3299 as offered in Ajayi Crowther University is a compulsory subject offered by every computer science student in the 2nd semester of the third academic year with the objective of enabling students to come into contact with real life applications regarding the knowledge and skills gained in both theoretical and practical courses of the university. The core courses of Computer Science offered by ACU are both theory and laboratory practical -based and aid in providing a theoretical concept or ‘base’ to the students so that they are equipped with sufficient knowledge for joining the work force after completion of under-graduation. SIWES on the other hand helps the students familiarize themselves with the experience of being employed in their field and effectively learning and applying the knowledge required by carrying out their activities in the offices and fields. 1.2 Objectives of SIWES The general objectives if SIWES are outlined as follows: ï‚ § Helping students break free from the theoretical world of textbooks and class courses and leap into the real world of applications of knowledge. ï‚ § Enabling the students to effectively interact in a work environment within a hierarchy of employees. The efficiency in working in groups and under higher authorities is tested during this course. ï‚ § Helping students to express dependability, initiative, resourcefulness and professionalism in the tasks they are assigned. ï‚ § To evaluate the person’s ability to communicate and operate under pressure, if required. ï‚ § To help students enhance their creativity and efficiency in dealing with projects related to their field of study. ï‚ § To enable students to pick up skills from the experience and projects of other employees to apply in their own tasks. ï‚ § To enable the student realize their relative strength in a field with many practical applications and help students come out with final year projects that model real life industry challenges. 2.0 Origin of the Report This report has been prepared as a requirement of the internship program. The report was based upon the ICT department of the organization Nigerian civil aviation authority (NCAA). 2.1 ORGANISATION BRIEFS AND STRUCTURE OF NCAA Brief : Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority is the regulatory body for aviation in Nigeria. It became autonomous with the passing into law of the Civil Aviation Act 2006 by the National Assembly and assent of the President, Federal Republic of Nigeria. The Act not only empowers the Authority to regulate Aviation Safety without political interference, but also to carry out Oversight functions of Airports, Airspace, Meteorological Services, etc as well as economic regulations of the industry. Nigeria has just successfully passed through the ICAO Security follow-up Audit of May 2006 and the ICAO Universal Safety Oversight Audit in November 2006. Nigeria is now preparing for the American FAA IASA Category 1 Certification. With over 25 Airports, 30 Airlines, 590 Pilots, 19 Flight Engineers, 258 Air Traffic Controllers(ATC), 677 Aircraft Maintenance Engineers, 1103 Cabin Crew and 4 Aircraft Dispatchers, Nigeria now boasts of improved aviation infrastructural facilities at the Airports, state of the art navigational aids, modern weather forecasting equipment and highly skilled manpower to ensure safety and comfort of the flying public. Airlines have started bringing in brand new aircraft to the industry 737-700 new generation, Regional Jet CRJ 400/900, Dash 8-400Q, Business Jet/Turboprop, Helicopters, B777, Dreamliner B787, Jumbo Jet Boeing 747-400 series as well as brand new Regional Jet Embraer. 3.0 NCAA STRUCTURE Senior Management : Director General: Dr. H.O. Demuren Director of Airworthiness Standards: Engr. P. Ekunwe Director of Licensing: Capt. Adamu Mshelia (Acting) Director of Operations and Training: Capt. A. N. Aliyu (Acting) Director of Aerodrome and Airspace Standards: Mr. Lawal Haruna Director of Air Transport Regulation: Ms. I. Sosina Director of Finance and Administration: Mrs. Elemanya Ebilah Director of Consumer Protection: Alh. Abdullahi Adamu Company Secretary/Legal Advisor: Mrs. A.A. Gbem Organizational Chart: 4.0 BRIEFS ON ICT DEPARTMENT 4.1 Our Goal To provide high quality, customer and staff-focused Information and Communication Technology support for efficient and value-added service delivery. 4.2 What We Do Our purpose is to ensure that our structures such as all communication-based procedures for the NCAA – within and outside – conforms to standard ICT platforms and practices, carefully targeted to meet our goal. 4.3 Objectives To deploy modern-based ICT facilities that will become catalysts in the innovative processes of effective aviation safety within our air-space To embark on an on-going process in which to foster better information and communication access for aviation service users To provide the means by which information and communication knowledge is developed, stored, aggregated, manipulated and diffused within and outside the NCAA and to become the major transformational medium of aviation safety reformation To technologically support and enable NCAA’s full participation in the global economy 5.0 Responsibilities Advice on adoption of most efficiently and effective ICT policy Ascertain proper and smooth operations of computer systems at the headquarters Draw ICT and ICT-related Budgets Assess the impact of ICT in economic growth and development Drawing up specifications to facilitate procurement of appropriate computer hardware and software related features within the organization Supervise the installation and commissioning of computer network systems Contact point on all ICT-issues.(i.e. ICT Management) Represents the organization in all forums on ICT-related issues Coordinate training of staffs on computer systems in line with E-Government Strategy to build a proper ICT capacity within the organization Advice the organization on information security in the use of computers and Maintain important information and data backups CHAPTER 2 DESCRIPTION OF WORK DONE During my six months SIWES at NCAA, I worked extensively in the Network and maintenance unit, Where I gained a lot of experience in network environment and system maintenance. 6.1 NETWORK STRUCTURE OF NCAA: 6.2 SUMMARY ON THE NCAA NETWORK NCAA uses a domain to organize the network environment. Domains are groups of PCs on the same network and are a method to isolate communications between the members in the domain and the other data traffic.. Anyone in a domain can communicate with each other and out bound, however PCs not defined in the domain can not communicate with those in the domain. Basically the network starts from when the satellite in space sends radio signals down to the satellite dish receiver (ku-band, ka-band, c-band e.t.c). This satellite dish receiver is connected to the private port of the internet modem then the public port of the modem is connected to the ISA server which acts as the gateway to internet access. The ISA server is connected to a domain controller which controls the domain environment by granting anyone who has a registered account on the domain access to the internet recourse. I.e. anyone who does not have an account or valid log on credentials cannot use the internet. Domain controller can also be used to control the network environment by restricting the rights to chance setting on the workstation so that only administrative rights can alter settings. The ISA server is also connected to an antivirus server which monitors the automatic updates and downloading of update for all workstation in the domain with a specific antivirus used for the network installed on them. The ISA server is also connected to a 24 port switch which is connected to the different switch cabinet in each directorate of office buildings (since it is a 24 port switch it take a maximum of 23 directorates, another switch can be connected to the first switch in case of more buildings). Ever building has a cabinet where LAN (local area network) connections are distributed to different offices. The cabinet comprises of switches and patch panels. The patch panel is a device that is used as a repeater so that signals don’t get loss over a long cable. One of the cables that comes from the main 24 port switch goes to the patch panel then a RJ-45 cable is connected from the patch panel to the switch (mostly a 24-port switch) in the cabinet (in case of two switches we have two patch panels.). The patch panel then distributes the connection in the office or to other offices in the building as LAN port where workstations can be connected to by the use of RJ-45 cable (workstations can also be connected directly to the switch). As for wireless connection, a wireless router or access point is placed at every passage way in each building. The wireless access point is either connected to one of the switches in the cabinet or the main 24-port switch. Public port Private port Building 1 cabinet LAN port workstation IMAGE OF SERVER FOR NCAA’S HEADQUARTER IMAGE OF ANTIVIRUS SERVER FOR NCAA’S HEADQUARTER 10.0 DESCIPTION OF DEVICES USED IN NCAA NETWORK 10.1 SATELLITE DISH AND FREQUENCY BAND NCAA uses a ku-band (Kurtz under band) satellite dish with VSAT (Very Small ApertureTerminal) installation equipment. VSAT is the equipment used to uplink and downlink using either C, Ka or Ku band. There are various types of frequency bands, the three primary bands are listed below: ïÆ'Ëœ C-band ïÆ'Ëœ Ka-band ïÆ'Ëœ Ku-band 10.2 C Band C Band is the oldest and most frequently used frequency for sending signals to satellite dishes. The C band consumes 3.7 to 4.2 GHz for sending the signals to earth stations (known as downlink) and 5.9 to 6.4 GHz for vice versa (known as uplink). This frequency band has been found to operate under extreme weather conditions as well. It has been divided into 6 subcategories known as Extended C-Band, Super Extended, INSAT, Palapa, Russian, and LMI band. The band requires large size Prime-Focal dishes commonly known as BUD to operate. The dishes vary between three feet to nine feet. The band will require specific C-Band LNBF (Local Noise Block Feed). It is mainly used to transmit older channels that operate on this band. C band dishes are large in size approximately 6-7feet. Diagram showing C-band dish Antenna 11.0 Ku Band Ku Band or Kurtz Under band is used to transmit signals at high frequencies. The downlink frequency of the band ranges from 11.7 to 12.7 GHz while uplink frequency ranges from 14 to 14.5 GHz. NBC started its transmission services on this band in 1983. The DVB or Digital Video Broadcasting service utilizes this band. The North American satellites broadcast Ku band signals because they operate in the same range of downlink and uplink frequency. The band consumes more power than C Band due to additional data transfers. It also requires 16 to 24 transponders used for broadcasting satellite service. It is mainly used to transmit FM Audio services and in social and business network projects. The band requires Ku-band LNBF, coaxial cable, and a C/Ku band feed horn antenna. RG-6 is the perfect coaxial cable for transmission. Diagram of a Ku-Band-Solid-Dish-Antenna 12.0 Ka Band Kurtz Above or Ka Band requires more power to transmit signals. The downlink frequency range is 18.3 to 20.2 GHz while uplink frequency range is 27.5 to 31 GHz. The size of the dish for this band is even smaller than C band. It varies from two feet to five feet. It is used extensively in military airplanes and vehicle speed detection. Diagram of a Ka-Band-Solid-Dish-Antenna 12.1 ISA server/proxy server/gateway The ISA server also acts as a proxy server/gateway. A proxy server is a server that acts as an intermediary between a workstation user and the Internet so that the enterprise can ensure security, administrative control, and caching service. A proxy server is associated with or part of a gateway server that separates the enterprise network from the outside network and a firewall server that protects the enterprise network from outside intrusion. An advantage of a proxy server is that its cache can serve all users. If one or more Internet sites are frequently requested, these are likely to be in the proxys cache, which will improve user response time. A proxy can also do logging. A user on a workstation which is connected to the domain can only view the internet if the address and port number of the ISA server is set in the proxy address and port settings. 13.0 HOW TO SET THE PROXY SETTINGS: STEP 1: Click tools then click internet options on the browser. STEP 2: Click on the connection tab and then click LAN settings. STEP 3: Type in the ISA server ip-address (e.g. 192.168.2.1) in the address box and also insert the port number (e.g. 3128). 14.0 DOMAIN CONTROLLER NCAA uses a domain to organize the network environment. Domains are groups of PCs on the same network and also a method to isolate communications between the members in the domain and the other data traffic.. Anyone in a domain can communicate with each other and out bound, however PCs not defined in the domain can not communicate with those in the domain. A domain controller is a device used to organize and control a domain environment. A domain controller makes use of an active directory to organize all user account in the domain. An active directory is a Microsoft technology, part of Active Platform, which enables applications to find, use, and manage directory resources (such as user names, network printers, and permissions) in a distributed computing environment. Image of an active directory interface 15.0 HOW TO JOIN A WORKSTATION TO A DOMAIN STEP 1: right-click on my-computer then click properties. STEP 2: click on system properties. STEP 3: click on computer name tab, click change. STEP 4: Type in the computer name (e.g. pro 10), then click the domain radio button and type in the domain name (e.g. dpetri.net), then click ok. STEP 5: After clicking OK you would prompt with a username and password dialog box where only those with administrative credentials would be able to logon. Type in the user name and password, and then click OK. STEP 5: After clicking OK, you would be prompted with a dialog box welcoming you to the domain. Then restart the system. 17.0 ANTIVIRUS SERVER The antivirus server is a separate system that is connected to the ISA server. It is used to protect the network from harmful treats like spyware (i.e. worm, virus, adware e.t.c.). The antivirus server makes use of windows server 2003 operating system, with a network antivirus (e.g. e-trust) installed on it. For any workstation on the network to be protected by the network antivirus server a copy of the network antivirus must be installed on them. To make the antivirus copy work with the antivirus server the proxy settings must be set using the antivirus server Ip-address (e.g. 192.168.2.4) as the address in the proxy settings. 18.0 MAIN SWITCH The main switch is a switch that is used to distribute the network connection to different buildings. A switch is a device that is used to link systems or workstations together. A switch is mainly used in a star topology. 18.1 Properties of a switch: Collision: this is the jamming of signal in a transmission medium. Collision domain: this is the environment in which collision occurs. Broadcast: this is the sending of signal from a system to the rest of the system connected to the switch. A broadcast is usually sent across all the collision domains as one virtual domain. Broadcast domain: this is the environment in which a broadcast is sent across. Multicast: this is the sending of signal from on system to a selected group of systems connected to the switch. Unicast: this is a signal that is sent from on system to another. 18.2 Internal operations of a switch A switch has one big channel (broadcast domain) with some dedicated path known as collision domain. The number of collision domain depends on the number of ports on the switch (i.e. a 24-port switch has 24-collision domain). Switches always have one broadcast domain no matter the amount of ports. A switch operates with a protocol called CSMA/CA (carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance). The CSMA/CA unlike the CSMA/CD (carrier sense multiple access/collision detection) of a hub helps the switch to see a possible collision before it occurs and avoids it. One broadcast domain 5-ports with 5-collision domain Image of a 24-port switch 19.0 PATCH PANEL A patch panel is a panel of network ports contained together, usually within a telecommunications closet that connects incoming and outgoing lines of a LAN or other communication, electronic or electrical system. In a LAN, the patch panel connects the networks computers to each other and to the outside lines that enable the LAN to connect to the Internet or another WAN. Connections are made with patch cords. The patch panel allows circuits to be arranged and rearranged by plugging and unplugging the patch cords. The use of a patch panel is necessary because is help to repeat signals travelled over a cable from a long distance to prevent data loss. A patch panel is connected to a switch respectively according to the number on each port of both the switch and patch panel. Image of a patch panel image of patch cables Switch Patch panel Image of a patch panel connection with a switch 20.0 ROUTER/VPN A router is a device or a computer that is used to connect two or more networks together. Routers are physical devices that join multiple wired or wireless networks together. Technically, a wired or wireless router is a Layer 3 gateway, meaning that the wired/wireless router connects networks (as gateways do), and that the router operates at the network layer of the OSI model. A router can also be called a computer because it has a LAN-port, an operating system (OS) and memory. 20.1 Router’s memories ROM (read only memory). DRAM (dynamic random access memory). NVRAM (non volatile RAM). FLASH. ROM: This is a permanent memory that is used to store the hardware configuration of the router. DRAM: This is a temporary memory that is used to store the running-configuration of the router. NVRAM: This is a partially permanent memory that stores the startup-configuration of the router. FLASH: This is permanent memory that stores the IOS (Internetwork operating system) of the router. A router has an operating system and a user interface (depending on the brand of the router). The user interface can be viewed by connecting the router via LAN-cable to a computer. There are series of steps taken to view the user interface. 21.0 STEPS TO VIEW THE USER INTERFACE OF A ROUTER: Know the default ip-address of the router (usually 192.168.0.1). Connect the router to a computer. Open a browser. Click on the file tab. Click on open then a dialog box appears. Type in the Ip-address of the router in the text box and click OK, then a logon dialog box appears. The default username and password are both admin and admin. Type in the username and password then click OK. In the user interface you can change the Ip-address to suit your company setting, change the security protocol (i.e. either WAP, WAP2, WEP e.t.c), router name e.t.c An image of a wireless router 21.1 VPN: A VPN (virtual private network) is a device that uses a series of encryption and algorithms to secure the data transmitted over the public internet. It allows users to work on their company network from their home with a higher level of confidence that no one else can access their work i.e. it provides a level of encryption so that an outsider would not be able to hack in to the network. VPN eliminates distance between two computers and establish a secured connection with two computers. A VPN can also act as a router in the sense that it can be used for connecting two or more networks together. Image of a VPN box 22.0 MAINTENANCE UNIT On the 14th of July 2010 I was transferred to maintenance unit of NCAA headquarters. In this unit I was fortunate to be exposed to knowledge on hardware and software. 22.1 Computer hardware identification A computer system basically contains the following components/devices: ïÆ'Ëœ System case ïÆ'Ëœ Motherboard ïÆ'Ëœ Processor ïÆ'Ëœ Memory ïÆ'Ëœ Graphics card ïÆ'Ëœ Sound card ïÆ'Ëœ Modem and NIC Card ïÆ'Ëœ Hard disk ïÆ'Ëœ CD-ROM/DVD-ROM ïÆ'Ëœ Monitor 22.2 System case: A system case is required to hold all your components together. It houses all the internal component of a system. The system cases come in two form factors which are AT and ATX. Nearly all the cases made nowadays are ATX as the motherboard manufacturers make majority of their motherboard in the ATX form. Image of an ATX system case 23.0 Motherboard: A motherboard is the central printed circuit board (PCB) in a computer that holds many of the crucial components of the system, while providing connectors for other peripherals. The motherboard is sometimes alternatively known as the main board, system board. Most motherboards made nowadays are ATX. An ATX motherboard has the standard I/O (Input/output) connectors such as PS/2 ports, parallel ports, serial ports, etc, built onto the motherboard. Old AT motherboard on the other hand uses I/O cards and cables which requires to be plugged into the motherboard, which gets a bit untidy. AT motherboard requires AT keyboard and AT power supply. ATX motherboard fits into an ATX case and comes with an ATX power supply. The following is a picture of an ATX motherboard Image of a motherboard 24.0 Processor: The processor (CPU, for Central Processing Unit) is the computers brain. It allows the processing of numeric data, information entered in binary form, and the execution of instructions stored in memory. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is responsible for interpreting and executing most of the commands from the computers hardware and software. It is often called the brains of the computer. Image of a processor 25.0 Memory: A memory is the name given to a silicon chips that stores volatile computer data. The word Volatile means that the contents of memory will be lost if the power of the computer switched off. Memory stores some of your operating system and application data while it is being run. The more memory you have in your computer the higher the amount of application you can run simultaneously, and will provide an overall better system performance. Memory comes in different forms. The older system uses SDRAM, while the current system uses DDR-SDRAM (Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory). Image of a memory module CHAPTER 3 RELEVANCE OF WORK EXPERIENCE TO STUDIES At Nigerian civil aviation authority (NCAA) I was exposed to new practical experience of networking, system maintenance and Information Technology. All the theoretical aspects that I have learnt over the years at the university are relevant to my work experience and I have seen how my experiences can be applied to this fast developing IT world. CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATION 27.0 RECOMMENDATION From this experience carried out during the industrial training period. I hereby humbly make the following recommendation believing that when carefully followed there will be a way forward to a better future. 1. Six months of SIWES should be strictly adhered to because there is really much to learn 2. ITF should pay students during training to alleviate the problems of transportation than waiting till the end of the program 3. ITF should pay students during training to alleviate the problems of transportation than waiting till the end of the programme. The present allowance should be reviewed upward to reflect present economic realities. 4. The supervisors from the universities and ITF should visit the students at the right time, as this really would be a motivation 28.0 CONCLUSION My SIWES was a very successful one, I had an insight of the information security world. I have now known the power of networking and computer maintenance. With this, I will be able setup a simple network and maintain my computer and other devices. SIWES as a course has truly exposed me to the challenges faced in a growing information world that is dependent on computers. 29.0 REFRENCES http://en.wikipedia.org http://images.search.yahoo.com http://i.ehow.com petri.co.i Research Papers on SIWES Project in Computer ScienceStandardized TestingBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office SystemIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductPETSTEL analysis of India